Every society invents new ways to organize power. Each system begins as an answer to the limits of the one before it – and eventually becomes the next problem to solve. As our world grows more interconnected, the frameworks that once defined legitimacy and belonging are starting to crack. Something new is forming in the spaces between.
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The Nation-State Under Pressure: Who Governs The 21st Century?
When we talk about the future of global governance, we tend to start with the world we inherited – not the one we’re building. And the world we inherited was largely shaped by an idea born in 1648, at the signing of the Peace of Westphalia: the nation-state. It was a radical organizing principle for its time – one territory, one government, one sovereignty. This model didn’t just define borders; it defined identity, allegiance, and the rules of the game for centuries.
Continue readingPressure Points And Catalysts: Shaping Our World
I introduced the notion of pressure points and catalysts in an earlier post. Here are the results of my analysis.
Introduction
The trajectory of human civilization is not merely a linear progression but a complex interplay of forces that build, converge, and occasionally erupt into periods of profound transformation. Understanding these dynamics requires a framework centered on Pressure Points and Catalysts – concepts crucial to comprehending how global systems evolve and redefine themselves.
Continue readingBook Review: Technology And The Rise of Great Powers By Jeffrey Ding
Why Diffusion, Not Invention, Determines Who Leads in the Age of Transformative Technologies
In an era obsessed with technological “firsts,” Jeffrey Ding’s Technology and the Rise of Great Powers delivers a counterintuitive revelation: the nations that dominate the future won’t necessarily be those that invent the most, but rather those that diffuse innovations the fastest. By shifting the spotlight from invention to diffusion, Ding fundamentally reframes the debate on global competitiveness – with profound implications for policymakers, businesses, and societies.
Continue readingThe Next Phase Of Power Transitions
My latest series of posts are driven by what I believe are two of the biggest forces that ultimately determine our future: General Purpose Technologies and geopolitical dynamics. In a previous post, I described the role of Necessity, Invention and Convergence in driving the diffusion of general purpose technologies. Necessity drives invention, but true trasitions occur when necessity and invention converge across industries, economies, and societies. However, as technological competition accelerates, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI), a deeper question emerges: What determines the diffusion of transformative technologies, and how does that shape global power dynamics?
Continue readingWill This General Purpose Technology Cycle Accelerate System-Level Change Faster Than Ever?
Throughout history, General Purpose Technologies have reshaped economies, industries, and societies. Steam power, electricity, and computing all followed a familiar trajectory – initial invention, slow diffusion, and eventual transformation that restructured industries and economies. Each of these transitions took decades, often constrained by infrastructure needs, workforce adaptation, and institutional resistance. Yet today, as we stand at the intersection of artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, and quantum computing, the question arises: Will this General Purpose Technology cycle break historical patterns and accelerate system-level change faster than ever before?
Continue readingThe New Era Of General Purpose Technologies: Why Ecosystems, Not Industries, Will Define The Future
Throughout history, General Purpose Technologies (GPTs) have reshaped economies, industries, and societies, driving profound shifts in how value is created and distributed. Yet, while the transformative nature of GPTs is widely acknowledged, the inevitability of ecosystems as the dominant economic structure of the future is not fully appreciated. Traditional industries, once defined by clear boundaries, will slowly be replaced by interconnected ecosystems where businesses, institutions, and governments collaborate to solve challenges that no single entity or sector can address alone. This shift is not merely a byproduct of technological advancement – it is an economic and structural necessity.
Continue reading2025 Global Risks Report
Every year, the World Economic Forum’s Global Risks Report offers a critical snapshot of the forces shaping our world. The 2025 edition paints a picture of escalating tensions, deepening fractures, and an accelerating transformation of our societal foundations. As we navigate an increasingly complex landscape, the report underscores the necessity of adaptability, resilience, and the capacity to thrive – what I call the ART of navigating uncertainty.
More than ever, this year’s report validates the idea that we are in a period of convergence – where geopolitical instability, technological disruption, societal shifts, economic volatility, environmental stress, and philosophical reorientation are colliding in ways that will redefine our future. Below, I’ve categorized the major risks identified in the report under the seven core convergence domains that I frequently discuss: science, technology, society, geopolitics, economy, environment, and philosophy.
Continue readingThe Second Gilded Age
ANALYSIS OF KEY POINTS:
A recent article discusses the resurgence of “robber barons” in the modern era, particularly highlighted by the 2024 U.S. election. It draws parallels between the industrial magnates of the late 19th and early 20th centuries – such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie – and today’s tech billionaires like Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and Mark Zuckerberg. The core argument is that these contemporary titans wield immense economic and political power, much like their predecessors, and have significant influence over markets, governments, and even the media.
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Reimagining the Future 