In 2021, I conducted a poll to gauge public sentiment on the transformative potential of artificial intelligence. I posed a bold question: Will AI be more impactful than prior general-purpose technologies like fire, the printing press, the steam engine, and electricity? Respondents had three choices: Yes, No, and Too Early to Tell. The results reflected a world still grappling with AI’s potential—40% answered Yes, 26% No, and 34% felt it was Too Early to Tell.

I ran the same poll again in 2023, shortly after the launch of ChatGPT, which provided the public with a tangible and interactive AI experience. The numbers shifted—48% now believed AI would surpass past general-purpose technologies, while the No responses remained steady at 27%. The Too Early to Tell category shrank to 24%, suggesting that as AI’s capabilities became more visible, uncertainty began to wane.

Now, in 2025, I have run the poll once again, and the shift is even more pronounced. The Yes responses have climbed to 56%, while No has dropped significantly to 15%, and Too Early to Tell has risen slightly to 29%. This evolving sentiment suggests not only increasing confidence in AI’s transformative potential but also a deeper appreciation for the complexity of its long-term impact. What explains this shift, and how does it compare to past technological revolutions? Please take the poll if you haven’t already, and read below for my analysis.

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A Historical Perspective on General-Purpose Technologies

Throughout history, certain technologies have redefined human civilization. Fire provided warmth, protection, and the foundation for cooking, which led to fundamental changes in nutrition and health. The printing press democratized knowledge, accelerating literacy and fueling movements like the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. The steam engine powered the Industrial Revolution, reshaping economies, transportation, and production at an unprecedented scale. Electricity was a catalyst for modernity, enabling communication, automation, and an interconnected world.

Each of these general-purpose technologies (GPTs) shared key characteristics: they were initially met with skepticism, they evolved from isolated applications into system-wide transformations, and their full impact took decades to materialize. AI now follows a similar trajectory. While its earliest applications were narrow and specialized, the rise of generative AI – particularly ChatGPT and its successors – has shifted AI from an abstract concept to a tangible, daily tool.

The Driving Forces Behind AI’s Growing Recognition

Several factors have contributed to the steady increase in Yes responses over time:

1. Tangible Applications – Unlike previous AI breakthroughs that remained largely within research labs or specialized industries, ChatGPT and similar tools introduced AI into everyday life. From drafting emails to composing music and generating images, AI is now a widely used tool rather than an abstract idea.
2. Increased Visibility – The public discourse around AI has exploded, fueled by media coverage, corporate investments, and high-profile applications. Unlike the slow adoption of past GPTs, AI’s visibility has surged globally in just a few years.
3. Rapid Advancement – Unlike steam engines or electricity, which took decades to reach mass adoption, AI is evolving at an unprecedented pace. Each year brings exponential improvements in capabilities, fueling thoughts that AI’s impact could surpass previous technologies.
4. Normalization and Integration – AI is no longer a futuristic vision – it’s embedded into search engines, customer service, creative industries, and even scientific research. As AI becomes woven into the fabric of society, resistance and skepticism fade.
5. Shifting Understanding of Impact – The increase in Too Early to Tell responses in 2024 suggests a maturing perspective. Rather than questioning whether AI will be transformative, more people now contemplate how it will reshape our world and whether that transformation will be beneficial or disruptive.

Lessons from History: The Road Ahead

If history is a guide, AI’s journey is only beginning. The printing press took centuries to fully realize its impact on knowledge dissemination. The steam engine transformed economies over decades. Electricity required massive infrastructure changes before becoming indispensable. AI’s trajectory will likely mirror these past revolutions, with its full impact unfolding across multiple stages.

The question is no longer if AI will be transformative, but rather how and to what extent. Will it redefine industries as the steam engine did? Will it reshape communication and knowledge as profoundly as the printing press? Or will it enable entirely new possibilities beyond what we can currently foresee?

While uncertainty remains about AI’s long-term implications, one thing is clear: the world is increasingly recognizing its potential as the most consequential general-purpose technology of our time. The conversation is shifting from speculation to adaptation, as organizations, policymakers, and individuals prepare for an AI-driven future. With the recent launch of DeepSeek, which push the boundaries of AI capabilities even further, these perspectives are likely to evolve yet again, potentially accelerating the shift towards widespread acceptance of AI’s profound impact.